01
Unsupported balances
Material balances cannot be traced to sufficient supporting evidence.
Reconciliation and Remediation
Every material balance should connect to a source you can explain.
Banks, PSPs, exchanges, custodians and wallets brought into a controlled and reviewable financial record.
- Confidential assessment
- Scope agreed before remediation begins
- No guarantee that every historical exception can be resolved without additional information
Bank
PSP
Exchange
Custodian
Wallet
01Reconciliation and Completeness Check
02 Exception Register
Additional information required / Items remaining open
03Client Decisions and Corrective Entries
04Supported Ledger and Closing Package
01 / Recognise the situation
Is this for you?
- 01Banks, PSPs, wallets or exchanges do not reconcile.
- 02Opening balances are uncertain.
- 03Several months require catch-up.
- 04The current ledger cannot support an audit.
- 05The company is changing fiduciary.
- 06Management reporting cannot be trusted.
- 07An audit, SRO review, bank request or due diligence is approaching.
Accelio provides reconciliation and remediation support within the agreed scope. This does not constitute an independent statutory audit or regulatory review.
02 / Financial exposure
What is at risk when records stay unresolved
02
Incomplete transaction history
Missing periods or sources prevent confirmation that the ledger is complete.
03
Incorrect cut-off
Transactions may be recognised in the wrong accounting period.
04
Unexplained reconciliation differences
Source balances and ledger balances disagree without a documented explanation.
05
Unreliable management reporting
Management decisions are based on figures that have not been fully substantiated.
06
Delayed closing
Open exceptions and missing evidence prevent the period from closing on schedule.
07
Audit findings or additional audit work
Unsupported records may lead to additional questions, testing or remediation requests.
08
Inability to respond confidently to a bank, investor or adviser
The company cannot produce a clear evidence trail when financial information is requested.
03 / Source inventory
The sources that make reconciliation possible
Potential sources include:
01Bank statements
02PSP reports
03Exchange exports or APIs
04Custodian statements
05Wallet addresses and transaction data
06Existing accounting ledger
07Chart of accounts
08Invoices and supporting documents
09Payroll and VAT records
10Prior financial statements
11Existing reconciliation files
12Relevant accounting policies
Supported systems, formats and access methods are confirmed during assessment.
04 / A documented path
From assessment to handover
- 01
Initial assessment
- 02
Source inventory
- 03
Data completeness check
- 04
Source-to-ledger mapping
- 05
Reconciliation
- 06
Exception register
- 07
Client questions and decisions
- 08
Corrective entries
- 09
Review according to agreed scope
- 10
Closing package and handover
Work may proceed in phases. Historical remediation is scoped separately from recurring accounting.
05 / Control framework
Controls applied according to scope
Controls applied according to the agreed engagement scope.
01
Completeness checks
02
Source-to-ledger mapping
03
Balance substantiation
04
Cut-off review
05
Duplicate and missing transaction review
06
Currency and valuation checks
07
Exception ownership
08
Evidence retention
09
Approval and review procedures
Not every control applies to every engagement.
06 / The evidence package
What you receive
Potential deliverables include:
- 01Reconciliation files
- 02Source inventory
- 03Data-quality findings
- 04Exception register
- 05Supporting balance schedules
- 06Corrective-entry schedule
- 07Opening-balance support
- 08Closing schedules
- 09Handover documentation
- 10Audit-support package where agreed
Final deliverables depend on data availability and the agreed scope.
07 / Clear accountability
Who is responsible for what
Accelio
- Assess available records.
- Define and document the agreed scope.
- Perform the agreed reconciliation and remediation work.
- Track exceptions.
- Communicate unresolved items.
- Deliver agreed outputs.
Client
- Provide complete and timely access.
- Identify responsible decision-makers.
- Answer classification questions.
- Ensure that authorised client decision-makers approve material accounting judgements, classifications, assumptions and policies where required.
- Provide missing evidence.
- Approve corrective entries where required.
Where information does not exist, any reconstruction that relies on assumptions requires client approval. Approved assumptions do not replace missing source evidence.
08 / Engagement boundaries
What is included, and what needs another professional
Included when agreed
- Reconciliation
- Exception tracking
- Supporting schedules
- Corrective-entry preparation
- Handover documentation
Separately scoped
- Historical reconstruction
- Complex blockchain data analysis
- Urgent audit support
- Bespoke system integration
- Accounting-policy analysis
- Multi-entity reconstruction
Requires another qualified or regulated professional
- Statutory audit
- Legal opinion
- Regulatory decision
- Independent AML investigation
- Blockchain forensic investigation unless separately provided by a qualified specialist
09 / Delivery phases
A phased approach
- 01Phase 1 — Assessment
- 02Phase 2 — Data and source validation
- 03Phase 3 — Reconciliation and exception analysis
- 04Phase 4 — Remediation
- 05Phase 5 — Review and handover
Timing depends on transaction volume, data quality, source availability, open questions and client response times.
10 / Representative engagement
What an engagement can look like
Representative engagement scenario — not a client case.
Starting condition
A Swiss payment or crypto business has multiple banks, PSPs or wallets, uncertain opening balances and an approaching audit or provider transition.
Sources involved
Available bank statements, PSP reports, wallet transaction data, the existing ledger, prior financial statements and supporting documents.
Workstreams
Establish a source inventory, check completeness, map source records to the ledger, investigate differences and prepare agreed corrective-entry and handover schedules.
Decisions required from authorised client decision-makers
Approve material accounting judgements, classifications, assumptions and policies where required. Provide missing evidence and approve corrective entries where required.
Potential deliverables
Reconciliation files, an exception register, supporting balance schedules, opening-balance support and handover documentation. An audit-support package may be included where agreed.
Factors that may remain unresolved
Missing source records, incomplete transaction history, unexplained differences or questions awaiting client evidence or a decision. The engagement does not assume that every historical exception can be resolved.
11 / Scope and cost
What drives the cost
Remediation is normally assessed separately from recurring monthly service.
- 01Period requiring remediation
- 02Transaction volume
- 03Number of financial sources
- 04Data formats and accessibility
- 05Number of entities and currencies
- 06Quality of opening balances
- 07Number of unresolved exceptions
- 08Reporting requirements
- 09Deadline urgency
- 10Audit-support requirements
12 / Questions, answered
Reconciliation questions, answered straight
Can every reconciliation difference be resolved?
No. Resolution depends on the available evidence and the information or decisions required. Some historical exceptions may remain open. Unresolved items are documented rather than treated as resolved without support.
What if records or source data are missing?
The assessment identifies gaps and the additional evidence required. Where reconstruction depends on assumptions, those assumptions require approval by authorised client decision-makers. Missing evidence and its limitations remain documented.
Can you take over from another fiduciary?
A provider transition can be included in the agreed scope. Available records, opening balances and open items are assessed before the reconstruction plan and handover responsibilities are agreed. Responsibility may transfer in stages.
Do you work directly with our auditor?
Audit preparation and communication with your auditor can be included in the agreed scope. Accelio provides supporting records and explanations for the work performed; the auditor retains responsibility for the independent audit and its conclusions.
Can you reconcile crypto wallets and exchanges?
Wallet and exchange records are potential sources for the engagement. Supported systems, formats and access methods are confirmed during assessment. Complex blockchain analysis and forensic investigation require separate scoping and, where applicable, a qualified specialist.
Do you make corrective entries?
Corrective-entry preparation can be included in the agreed scope. Required client approvals and responsibility for posting entries are agreed before implementation. Entries must have a documented basis.
Who approves accounting classifications and material judgements?
Final approval rests with the client’s authorised decision-makers, such as management or the board where applicable. Accelio prepares the analysis and documents the basis for the client’s decision within the agreed scope.
Is remediation included in the monthly fee?
Historical remediation is scoped separately from recurring accounting. The engagement defines the remediation work and any relationship to the recurring monthly service; inclusion should not be assumed.
How do you handle unresolved items?
Unresolved items are tracked in an exception register. The record identifies the issue and the information, evidence or client decision required. Relevant open items are communicated and included in the agreed handover documentation.
What happens after remediation is complete?
The engagement concludes with the agreed review, closing package and handover. Any remaining exceptions and dependencies are documented. Ongoing accounting is a separate scope and is not automatically included.
Confidential consultation